Chronology of "A Life Well Lived" |
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xv | (2) |
Acknowledgments |
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xvii | (2) |
Foreword |
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xix | |
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Associate Justice William J. Brennan Jr. |
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1. BORN INTO RACISM AND SEGREGATION IN AMERICA |
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1 | (18) |
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Slavery, Race, and Racism: The Historic Context |
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1 | (2) |
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Hooded Terror and the Civil War Amendments |
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3 | (2) |
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Redirecting Civil Rights: The U.S. Supreme Court Strikes Down Civil Rights Legislation, 1883-1896 |
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5 | (1) |
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Plessy v. Ferguson: Legitimizing Jim Crow |
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5 | (4) |
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9 | (1) |
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1903: W.E.B. Du Bois's Souls of Black Folk |
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10 | (3) |
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1908: Growing Up in Baltimore |
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13 | (6) |
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2. THE RISE OF THE NAACP AND CHARLIE HOUSTON'S "SOCIAL ENGINEERS" |
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19 | (21) |
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19 | (4) |
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The NAACP's First Two Decades, 1910-1930 |
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23 | (5) |
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Early Litigation Efforts, 1915-1936 |
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28 | (1) |
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Charlie Houston's "Social Engineers" |
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29 | (4) |
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The Scottsboro Incident, 1931 |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (3) |
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3. MARSHALL JOINS THE NAACP |
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40 | (17) |
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41 | (4) |
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Thurgood Marshall, Esq.: Joining the NAACP's National Office, 1936 |
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45 | (5) |
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The NAACP's 1936 Public Education Initiative: Beginning the Attack on Plessy v. Ferguson |
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50 | (3) |
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Marshall's Colleagues in the NAACP |
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53 | (4) |
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4. "THURGOOD'S COMING": MR. CIVIL RIGHTS |
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57 | (38) |
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Creating the "Inc Fund," October 1939 |
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58 | (3) |
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Adding Staff to the NAACP's Legal Office |
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61 | (2) |
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The Inc Fund's Legal Strategies, Rules, and Policies |
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63 | (2) |
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Marshall, the Communist Party, and the FBI |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (2) |
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Mr. Civil Rights: "Thurgood's Coming" |
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69 | (3) |
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The Inc Fund's Educational Equity Lawsuits |
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72 | (5) |
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Voting and Voter Registration Litigation |
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77 | (3) |
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The Criminal Justice Cases |
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80 | (2) |
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Segregated Transportation and Travel Cases |
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82 | (1) |
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Residential Discrimination and Restrictive Covenants Litigation |
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83 | (2) |
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The Politics of Race During the Roosevelt and Truman Administrations |
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85 | (7) |
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The "New Deal" and African Americans |
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86 | (2) |
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The World War II Race Riots |
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88 | (2) |
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The Vital Change: Harry S Truman |
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90 | (2) |
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The Assault on Public School Segregation and the Plessy Doctrine |
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92 | (3) |
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5. SEGREGATION IN THE MILITARY: A SPECIAL HUMILIATION |
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95 | (19) |
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Military Segregation in World War I |
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97 | (1) |
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Segregation in the Armed Services in World War II |
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98 | (2) |
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World War II "Soldier Troubles" |
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100 | (6) |
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From War's End to the Korean War |
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106 | (4) |
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110 | (4) |
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6. THE PUBLIC EDUCATION BATTLES BEGIN: BROWN V. BOARD |
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114 | (34) |
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Marshall's NAACP Strategy Implemented: The Public School Segregation Cases |
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116 | (3) |
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The U.S. Supreme Court Hears the School Segregation Cases |
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119 | (8) |
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127 | (5) |
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The Supreme Court Overturns Plessy |
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132 | (3) |
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The Brown Implementation Decree |
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135 | (5) |
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Massive Resistance: The White Deep South's Response to Brown |
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140 | (8) |
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7. THE SEGREGATION BATTLES CONTINUE AND THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT EMERGES |
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148 | (27) |
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The "New Wave" in Civil Rights |
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150 | (2) |
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The Alternatives to the NAACP: SCLC and SNCC |
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152 | (5) |
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157 | (6) |
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The U.S. Supreme Court Reaffirms Brown: The Cooper v. Aaron Decision |
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163 | (3) |
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Eisenhower's Civil Rights View: "Make Haste Slowly" |
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166 | (5) |
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Ike's Ambivalent Support of the 1957 Civil Rights Act |
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171 | (2) |
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Marshall Leaves the NAACP |
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173 | (2) |
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8. A NEW LIFE: THURGOOD MARSHALL, GOVERNMENT SERVANT |
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175 | (25) |
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The "New Frontier" and Civil Rights |
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175 | (5) |
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Marshall's Appointment to the U.S. Court of Appeals, 1961 |
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180 | (5) |
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Lyndon Johnson and Civil Rights |
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185 | (3) |
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Marshall's Appointment as U.S. Solicitor General, 1965 |
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188 | (2) |
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Thurgood Marshall, "General" |
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190 | (2) |
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Marshall's Appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court, 1967 |
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192 | (8) |
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200 | (21) |
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The Outsider on the Court |
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201 | (7) |
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Friends, Colleagues, and Antagonists |
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208 | (7) |
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"My Knuckleheads": Justice Marshall and His Law Clerks |
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215 | (1) |
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Thurgood Marshall's Jurisprudence |
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216 | (5) |
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10. THE MEANING OF EQUALITY IN THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT |
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221 | (34) |
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Equal-Protection Litigation |
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221 | (5) |
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Equality of Educational Opportunity After Brown |
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226 | (12) |
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1970: Busing to End Segregated Schools (Swann) |
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227 | (4) |
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1973: The Question of De Facto School Segregation (Keyes) |
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231 | (2) |
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1974: Court Unanimity Disintegrates over the Question of Interdistrict Busing (Milliken) |
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233 | (3) |
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After Milliken: A Court Divided on How to Achieve School Desegregation |
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236 | (2) |
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Racially Discriminatory State Action |
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238 | (2) |
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Private Acts of Racial Discrimination and "State Action" |
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240 | (4) |
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Ending Nonracial Class and Caste Discrimination in America |
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244 | (8) |
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Gender-Based Discriminations |
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244 | (3) |
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Wealth, Poverty, Illegitimacy |
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247 | (2) |
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Resident and Illegal Aliens |
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249 | (2) |
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Age and Mental Retardation Discrimination |
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251 | (1) |
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Marshall's Concept of Genuine Equality |
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252 | (3) |
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11. BAKKE AND THE AFFIRMATIVE ACTION BATTLES: "THEY JUST DON'T GET IT!" |
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255 | (28) |
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1964: Affirmative Action's Beginnings |
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256 | (2) |
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The Bakke Case: Defining Affirmative Action |
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258 | (12) |
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The Constitutionality of Court-Ordered Affirmative Action Programs |
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270 | (3) |
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Are "Voluntary" Affirmative Action Plans Constitutional? |
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273 | (3) |
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Government Contracting and Licensing and Affirmative Action Goals |
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276 | (4) |
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The Affirmative Action Battles |
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280 | (3) |
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12. PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS AND SUBSTANTIVE JUSTICE: REALITIES AND MYTHS |
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283 | (30) |
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The Hugo, Oklahoma, Criminal Justice Horror: Lyons |
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284 | (2) |
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Marshall versus Rehnquist: The Uneven Battles |
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286 | (1) |
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Protection Against "Unreasonable" Searches and Seizures |
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287 | (9) |
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The Fifith Amendment and the Specter of Coerced Confessions |
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296 | (4) |
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The Right to Counsel and Other Sixth Amendment Protections |
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300 | (3) |
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Marshall's Views About the Death Penalty |
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303 | (8) |
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Marshall's Criminal Justice Jurisprudence |
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311 | (2) |
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13. MARSHALL AND FIRST AMENDMENT FREEDOMS |
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313 | (42) |
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The First Amendment: An Absolute Set of Freedoms? |
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314 | (2) |
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Freedom of Speech and Expression |
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316 | (26) |
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317 | (2) |
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319 | (3) |
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Peaceful Assembly and Association Rights |
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322 | (6) |
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The Predicament of the "Speech Plus Conduct" Cases |
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328 | (5) |
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Freedom of the Press and Clashes with Fair Trial Guarantees |
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333 | (6) |
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Freedom of the Press versus the Right to a Fair Trial |
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339 | (3) |
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The "No Establishment of Religion" and "Free Exercise" Clauses |
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342 | (11) |
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The "No Establishment of Religion" Clause |
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344 | (5) |
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The "Free Exercise of Religion" Clause |
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349 | (4) |
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Marshall and the First Amendment Freedoms |
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353 | (2) |
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14. THE CONSTITUTION AS EVOLVING GUARANTOR OF NEW RIGHTS |
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355 | (22) |
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356 | (6) |
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Abortion as a Woman's Personal--and Private--Choice |
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362 | (15) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (5) |
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Roe's Progeny: The Woes of Roe |
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369 | (8) |
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15. JUSTICE MARSHALL: ALWAYS THE OUTSIDER, ALWAYS DEFIANT |
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377 | (12) |
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382 | (5) |
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387 | (2) |
Research Notes |
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389 | (18) |
Bibliography |
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407 | (8) |
Case Index |
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415 | (4) |
General Index |
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419 | |